Peder Larson, PhD's Publications

Correction: Chen et al. Multivariate Framework of Metabolism in Advanced Prostate Cancer Using Whole Abdominal and Pelvic Hyperpolarized 13C MRI-A Correlative Study with Clinical Outcomes. Cancers 2025, 17, 2211.

Deep Learning-Based Tumor Segmentation of Murine Magnetic Resonance Images of Prostate Cancer Patient-Derived Xenografts.

Estimating Sensitivity Maps for X-Nuclei Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopic Imaging.

Multivariate Framework of Metabolism in Advanced Prostate Cancer Using Whole Abdominal and Pelvic Hyperpolarized 13C MRI-A Correlative Study with Clinical Outcomes.

Myocardial Tissue Composition Mapping Based on Three-Compartment Modeling: A Preliminary Study on Patients With Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy for Detecting Myocardial Fibrosis Without Contrast Agents.

Open-source implementation of X-nuclear sequences using the Pulseq framework.

Spatially constrained hyperpolarized 13C MRI pharmacokinetic rate constant map estimation using a digital brain phantom and a U-Net.

Three-Dimensional Free-Breathing Ultrashort Echo Time (UTE) 1H MRI Regional Ventilation: Comparison With Hyperpolarized 129Xe MRI and Pulmonary Function Testing in Healthy Volunteers and People With Cystic Fibrosis.

Translation of hyperpolarized [13C,15N2]urea MRI for novel human brain perfusion studies.

3D balanced SSFP UTE MRI for multiple contrasts whole brain imaging.

A pharmacokinetic model for hyperpolarized 13C-pyruvate MRI when using metabolite-specific bSSFP sequences.

Advanced Hyperpolarized 13C Metabolic Imaging Protocol for Patients with Gliomas: A Comprehensive Multimodal MRI Approach.

Assessment of lesion insertion tool in pelvis PET/MR data with applications to attenuation correction method development.

Correlating survival outcomes in patients with advanced prostate cancer with novel hyperpolarized 13 C MRI metabolic imaging biomarkers.

Current methods for hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate MRI human studies.

Data Format Standardization and DICOM Integration for Hyperpolarized 13C MRI.

Dual hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate and [13C]urea magnetic resonance imaging of prostate cancer.

Hyperpolarized 13 C metabolic imaging of the human abdomen with spatiotemporal denoising.

Initial Experience of Metabolic Imaging with Hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate MRI in Kidney Transplant Patients.

Initial Experience of Metabolic Imaging With Hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate MRI in Kidney Transplant Patients.

Kiosk 7R-TB-07 Quantification of Abnormal Metabolism in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Patients Using Hyperpolarized [1-13c]-pyruvate MRI.

Linac- and CyberKnife-based MRI-only treatment planning of prostate SBRT using an optimized synthetic CT calibration curve.

Mixed Supervision of Histopathology Improves Prostate Cancer Classification From MRI.

Protocol for producing hyperpolarized 13C-bicarbonate for clinical MRI of extracellular pH in aggressive tumors.

Quantification of the in vivo brain ultrashort-T2* component in healthy volunteers.

Scan-Specific Self-Supervised Bayesian Deep Non-Linear Inversion for Undersampled MRI Reconstruction.

Time-resolved MR fingerprinting for T2* signal extraction: MR fingerprinting meets echo planar time-resolved imaging.

A metabolite specific 3D stack-of-spirals bSSFP sequence for improved bicarbonate imaging in hyperpolarized [1-13C]Pyruvate MRI.

An Online Repository for Pre-Clinical Imaging Protocols (PIPs).

Atlas-Based Adaptive Hadamard-Encoded MR Spectroscopic Imaging at 3T.

Clinically Translatable Hyperpolarized 13C Bicarbonate pH Imaging Method for Use in Prostate Cancer.

Co-Clinical Imaging Metadata Information (CIMI) for Cancer Research to Promote Open Science, Standardization, and Reproducibility in Preclinical Imaging.

Current Methods for Hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate MRI Human Studies.

Dynamic T2* relaxometry of hyperpolarized [1-13 C]pyruvate MRI in the human brain and kidneys.

Evaluation of Apparent Diffusion Coefficient Repeatability and Reproducibility for Preclinical MRIs Using Standardized Procedures and a Diffusion-Weighted Imaging Phantom.

Evaluation of major depressive disorder using 7 Tesla phase sensitive neuroimaging before and after mindfulness-based cognitive therapy.

Federated Learning with Research Prototypes: Application to Multi-Center MRI-based Detection of Prostate Cancer with Diverse Histopathology.

Hyperpolarized 13C Metabolic MRI of Patients with Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma.

Hyperpolarized [2-13C]pyruvate MR molecular imaging with whole brain coverage.

Investigating cerebral perfusion with high resolution hyperpolarized [1-13 C]pyruvate MRI.

Lung Imaging with UTE-MRI.

Metabolite-Specific Echo Planar Imaging for Preclinical Studies with Hyperpolarized 13C-Pyruvate MRI.

Motion-compensated low-rank reconstruction for simultaneous structural and functional UTE lung MRI.

Multi-parametric hyperpolarized 13C/1H imaging reveals Warburg-related metabolic dysfunction and associated regional heterogeneity in high-grade human gliomas.

Optimization in the space domain for density compensation with the nonuniform FFT.

Probing human heart TCA cycle metabolism and response to glucose load using hyperpolarized [2-13 C]pyruvate MRS.

Probing Human Heart TCA Cycle Metabolism and Response to Glucose Load using Hyperpolarized [2-13C]Pyruvate MR Spectroscopy.

Pulmonary Ventilation Analysis Using 1H Ultra-Short Echo Time (UTE) Lung MRI: A Reproducibility Study.

Regional quantification of cardiac metabolism with hyperpolarized [1-13C]-pyruvate CMR evaluated in an oral glucose challenge.

Regional quantification of cardiac metabolism with hyperpolarized [1-13C]-pyruvate MRI evaluated in an oral glucose challenge.

Synthesizing Complex-Valued Multicoil MRI Data from Magnitude-Only Images.

T2 Relaxation During Radiofrequency (RF) Pulses.

A 13C/31P surface coil to visualize metabolism and energetics in the rodent brain at 3 Tesla.

Assessment of higher-order singular value decomposition denoising methods on dynamic hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate MRI data from patients with glioma.

Development of specialized magnetic resonance acquisition techniques for human hyperpolarized [13 C,15 N2 ]urea + [1-13 C]pyruvate simultaneous perfusion and metabolic imaging.

Generation of synthetic megavoltage CT for MRI-only radiotherapy treatment planning using a 3D deep convolutional neural network.

Improved accuracy of relative electron density and proton stopping power ratio through CycleGAN machine learning.

Improving multiparametric MR-transrectal ultrasound guided fusion prostate biopsies with hyperpolarized 13 C pyruvate metabolic imaging: A technical development study.

Initial Experience on Hyperpolarized [1-13C]Pyruvate MRI Multicenter Reproducibility-Are Multicenter Trials Feasible?

Kinetic analysis of multi-resolution hyperpolarized 13 C human brain MRI to study cerebral metabolism.

Synthetic PET via Domain Translation of 3-D MRI.

TMET-04. DETECTING DYNAMIC PYRUVATE TUMOR METABOLISM IN PATIENTS WITH GLIOMA USING HYPERPOLARIZED CARBON-13 METABOLIC IMAGING.

US lesion visibility predicts clinically significant upgrade of prostate cancer by systematic biopsy.

Utilizing the structure of a redundant dictionary comprised of wavelets and curvelets with compressed sensing.

Whole-Abdomen Metabolic Imaging of Healthy Volunteers Using Hyperpolarized [1-13 C]pyruvate MRI.

A Path to Qualification of PET/MRI Scanners for Multicenter Brain Imaging Studies: Evaluation of MRI-Based Attenuation Correction Methods Using a Patient Phantom.

Acquisition and quantification pipeline for in vivo hyperpolarized 13 C MR spectroscopy.

Attenuation Coefficient Estimation for PET/MRI With Bayesian Deep Learning Pseudo-CT and Maximum-Likelihood Estimation of Activity and Attenuation.

Clinical translation of hyperpolarized 13 C pyruvate and urea MRI for simultaneous metabolic and perfusion imaging.

Denoising of hyperpolarized 13 C MR images of the human brain using patch-based higher-order singular value decomposition.

Di-chromatic interpolation of magnetic resonance metabolic images.

Evaluation of attenuation correction in PET/MRI with synthetic lesion insertion.

Harmonization of PET image reconstruction parameters in simultaneous PET/MRI.

Hyperpolarized 1-[13C]-Pyruvate Magnetic Resonance Imaging Detects an Early Metabolic Response to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy in Prostate Cancer.

Hyperpolarized Metabolic MRI-Acquisition, Reconstruction, and Analysis Methods.

Imaging 6-Phosphogluconolactonase Activity in Brain Tumors In Vivo Using Hyperpolarized δ-[1-13C]gluconolactone.

Metabolic imaging detects elevated glucose flux through the pentose phosphate pathway associated with TERT expression in low-grade gliomas.

Metabolic imaging with hyperpolarized 13 C pyruvate magnetic resonance imaging in patients with renal tumors-Initial experience.

Modeling hyperpolarized lactate signal dynamics in cells, patient-derived tissue slice cultures and murine models.

Non-invasive assessment of telomere maintenance mechanisms in brain tumors.

Optimizing trajectory ordering for fast radial ultra-short TE (UTE) acquisitions.

Quantitative analysis of repaired rabbit supraspinatus tendons (± channeling) using magnetic resonance imaging at 7 Tesla.

Specialized computational methods for denoising, B1 correction, and kinetic modeling in hyperpolarized 13 C MR EPSI studies of liver tumors.

Utilizing the Wavelet Transform's Structure in Compressed Sensing.

3D Magnetic Resonance Spirometry.

55 Mn-based fiducial markers for rapid and automated RF coil localization for hyperpolarized 13 C MRI.

68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/MRI: determining ideal acquisition times to reduce noise and increase image quality.

A metabolite-specific 3D stack-of-spiral bSSFP sequence for improved lactate imaging in hyperpolarized [1-13 C]pyruvate studies on a 3T clinical scanner.

A variable resolution approach for improved acquisition of hyperpolarized 13 C metabolic MRI.

Bone material analogues for PET/MRI phantoms.

Characterization of serial hyperpolarized 13C metabolic imaging in patients with glioma.

Extreme MRI: Large-scale volumetric dynamic imaging from continuous non-gated acquisitions.

Fast Imaging for Hyperpolarized MR Metabolic Imaging.

Fast variable density Poisson-disc sample generation with directional variation for compressed sensing in MRI.

Hyperpolarized 13 C MRI data acquisition and analysis in prostate and brain at University of California, San Francisco.

In vivo detection of γ-glutamyl-transferase up-regulation in glioma using hyperpolarized γ-glutamyl-[1-13C]glycine.

MR-based Attenuation Correction for Brain PET Using 3D Cycle-Consistent Adversarial Network.

Simultaneous Metabolic and Perfusion Imaging Using Hyperpolarized 13C MRI Can Evaluate Early and Dose-Dependent Response to Radiation Therapy in a Prostate Cancer Mouse Model.

Simultaneous T1 and T2 mapping of hyperpolarized 13C compounds using the bSSFP sequence.

Slice profile effects on quantitative analysis of hyperpolarized pyruvate.

Technical Note: A methodology for improved accuracy in stopping power estimation using MRI and CT.

Tensor image enhancement and optimal multichannel receiver combination analyses for human hyperpolarized 13 C MRSI.

Coil combination methods for multi-channel hyperpolarized 13C imaging data from human studies.

Effects of excitation angle strategy on quantitative analysis of hyperpolarized pyruvate.

First hyperpolarized [2-13C]pyruvate MR studies of human brain metabolism.

Hyperpolarized 13C MRI: State of the Art and Future Directions.

Hyperpolarized 13C-pyruvate MRI detects real-time metabolic flux in prostate cancer metastases to bone and liver: a clinical feasibility study.

Iterative motion-compensation reconstruction ultra-short TE (iMoCo UTE) for high-resolution free-breathing pulmonary MRI.

Kinetic Modeling of Hyperpolarized Carbon-13 Pyruvate Metabolism in the Human Brain.

Longitudinal evaluation of demyelinated lesions in a multiple sclerosis model using ultrashort echo time magnetization transfer (UTE-MT) imaging.

Pulse sequence considerations for quantification of pyruvate-to-lactate conversion kPL in hyperpolarized 13 C imaging.

Technical Note: Simultaneous segmentation and relaxometry for MRI through multitask learning.

Using bidirectional chemical exchange for improved hyperpolarized [13 C]bicarbonate pH imaging.

2018 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP):

3D hyperpolarized C-13 EPI with calibrationless parallel imaging.

A comparison of coil combination strategies in 3D multi-channel MRSI reconstruction for patients with brain tumors.

A regional bolus tracking and real-time B1 calibration method for hyperpolarized 13 C MRI.

Cartilage Endplate Thickness Variation Measured by Ultrashort Echo-Time MRI Is Associated With Adjacent Disc Degeneration.

Developing an efficient phase-matched attenuation correction method for quiescent period PET in abdominal PET/MRI.

Development of methods and feasibility of using hyperpolarized carbon-13 imaging data for evaluating brain metabolism in patient studies.

Dynamic diffusion-weighted hyperpolarized 13 C imaging based on a slice-selective double spin echo sequence for measurements of cellular transport.

High spatiotemporal resolution bSSFP imaging of hyperpolarized [1-13 C]pyruvate and [1-13 C]lactate with spectral suppression of alanine and pyruvate-hydrate.

High-resolution echo-planar spectroscopic imaging at ultra-high field.

In vivo hyperpolarization transfer in a clinical MRI scanner.

Investigation of analysis methods for hyperpolarized 13C-pyruvate metabolic MRI in prostate cancer patients.

Measuring Tumor Metabolism in Pediatric Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma Using Hyperpolarized Carbon-13 MR Metabolic Imaging.

MRI gradient-echo phase contrast of the brain at ultra-short TE with off-resonance saturation.

Non-Invasive Assessment of Lactate Production and Compartmentalization in Renal Cell Carcinomas Using Hyperpolarized 13C Pyruvate MRI.

Quantification of 89 Zr-Iron oxide nanoparticle biodistribution using PET-MR and ultrashort TE sequences.

Simultaneous auto-calibration and gradient delays estimation (SAGE) in non-Cartesian parallel MRI using low-rank constraints.

Spatio-Temporally Constrained Reconstruction for Hyperpolarized Carbon-13 MRI Using Kinetic Models.

Technique development of 3D dynamic CS-EPSI for hyperpolarized 13 C pyruvate MR molecular imaging of human prostate cancer.

Translation of Carbon-13 EPI for hyperpolarized MR molecular imaging of prostate and brain cancer patients.

Using a local low rank plus sparse reconstruction to accelerate dynamic hyperpolarized 13C imaging using the bSSFP sequence.

Zero TE-based pseudo-CT image conversion in the head and its application in PET/MR attenuation correction and MR-guided radiation therapy planning.

Assessing Prostate Cancer Aggressiveness with Hyperpolarized Dual-Agent 3D Dynamic Imaging of Metabolism and Perfusion.

Density-weighted concentric rings k-space trajectory for 1 H magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging at 7 T.

Development of high resolution 3D hyperpolarized carbon-13 MR molecular imaging techniques.

Dicarboxylic acids as pH sensors for hyperpolarized 13C magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging.

Diffusion-weighted imaging of hyperpolarized [13 C]urea in mouse liver.

Evaluation of Sinus/Edge-Corrected Zero-Echo-Time-Based Attenuation Correction in Brain PET/MRI.

Hybrid ZTE/Dixon MR-based attenuation correction for quantitative uptake estimation of pelvic lesions in PET/MRI.

Imaging of the rabbit supraspinatus enthesis at 7 Tesla: a 4-week time course after repair surgery and effect of channeling.

In vivo characterization of brain ultrashort-T2 components.

Motion robust high resolution 3D free-breathing pulmonary MRI using dynamic 3D image self-navigator.

PET/MRI: Where might it replace PET/CT?

PET/MRI: Where might it replace PET/CT?.

Quantitative Evaluation of Atlas-based Attenuation Correction for Brain PET in an Integrated Time-of-Flight PET/MR Imaging System.

Reliable and Reproducible GABA Measurements Using Automated Spectral Prescription at Ultra-High Field.

Shuffled magnetization-prepared multicontrast rapid gradient-echo imaging.

Zero-Echo-Time and Dixon Deep Pseudo-CT (ZeDD CT): Direct Generation of Pseudo-CT Images for Pelvic PET/MRI Attenuation Correction Using Deep Convolutional Neural Networks with Multiparametric MRI.

Accelerated high-bandwidth MR spectroscopic imaging using compressed sensing.

Combining hyperpolarized 13 C MRI with a liver-specific gadolinium contrast agent for selective assessment of hepatocyte metabolism.

Detecting Metabolism of Gluconeogenic Precursors Lactate and Pyruvate in Kidney & Liver with Hyperpolarized 13 C MRI.

Detection of localized changes in the metabolism of hyperpolarized gluconeogenic precursors 13 C-lactate and 13 C-pyruvate in kidney and liver.

Development of a symmetric echo planar imaging framework for clinical translation of rapid dynamic hyperpolarized 13 C imaging.

Imaging Renal Urea Handling in Rats at Millimeter Resolution using Hyperpolarized Magnetic Resonance Relaxometry.

Mis-estimation and bias of hyperpolarized apparent diffusion coefficient measurements due to slice profile effects.

Monitoring acute metabolic changes in the liver and kidneys induced by fructose and glucose using hyperpolarized [2-13 C]dihydroxyacetone.

Multiband spectral-spatial RF excitation for hyperpolarized [2-13 C]dihydroxyacetone 13 C-MR metabolism studies.

Optimizing Flip Angles for Metabolic Rate Estimation in Hyperpolarized Carbon-13 MRI.

Separation of extra- and intracellular metabolites using hyperpolarized (13)C diffusion weighted MR.

Spectrally selective three-dimensional dynamic balanced steady-state free precession for hyperpolarized C-13 metabolic imaging with spectrally selective radiofrequency pulses.

1 H-13 C independently tuned radiofrequency surface coil applied for in vivo hyperpolarized MRI.

Application of Good's buffers to pH imaging using hyperpolarized (13)C MRI.

Detection of Small Pulmonary Nodules with Ultrashort Echo Time Sequences in Oncology Patients by Using a PET/MR System.

Development and testing of hyperpolarized (13)C MR calibrationless parallel imaging.

Dynamic contrast-enhanced quantitative susceptibility mapping with ultrashort echo time MRI for evaluating renal function.

Dynamic UltraFast 2D EXchange SpectroscopY (UF-EXSY) of hyperpolarized substrates.

Handheld electromagnet carrier for transfer of hyperpolarized carbon-13 samples.

Multiband RF pulses with improved performance via convex optimization.

Quantifying temperature-dependent T1 changes in cortical bone using ultrashort echo-time MRI.

Ultrashort echo time and zero echo time MRI at 7T.

A 2DRF pulse sequence for bolus tracking in hyperpolarized 13C imaging.

Chemical shift separation with controlled aliasing for hyperpolarized (13) C metabolic imaging.

Concentric rings K-space trajectory for hyperpolarized (13)C MR spectroscopic imaging.

Depiction of achilles tendon microstructure in vivo using high-resolution 3-dimensional ultrashort echo-time magnetic resonance imaging at 7 T.

Hyperpolarized [1-13C] glutamate: a metabolic imaging biomarker of IDH1 mutational status in glioma.

Kinetic and perfusion modeling of hyperpolarized (13)C pyruvate and urea in cancer with arbitrary RF flip angles.

Magnetic resonance imaging for lung cancer screen.

Noninvasive in vivo imaging of diabetes-induced renal oxidative stress and response to therapy using hyperpolarized 13C dehydroascorbate magnetic resonance.

Rapid in vivo apparent diffusion coefficient mapping of hyperpolarized (13) C metabolites.

Short-echo three-dimensional H-1 MR spectroscopic imaging of patients with glioma at 7 Tesla for characterization of differences in metabolite levels.

Simultaneous imaging of radiation-induced cerebral microbleeds, arteries and veins, using a multiple gradient echo sequence at 7 Tesla.

Calibrationless parallel imaging reconstruction based on structured low-rank matrix completion.

Combined parallel and partial fourier MR reconstruction for accelerated 8-channel hyperpolarized carbon-13 in vivo magnetic resonance Spectroscopic imaging (MRSI).

Diffusion MR of hyperpolarized 13C molecules in solution.

Dynamic hyperpolarized carbon-13 MR metabolic imaging of nonhuman primate brain.

High resolution (13)C MRI with hyperpolarized urea: in vivo T(2) mapping and (15)N labeling effects.

Metabolic imaging of patients with prostate cancer using hyperpolarized [1-¹³C]pyruvate.

Non-invasive in vivo assessment of IDH1 mutational status in glioma.

Optimal variable flip angle schemes for dynamic acquisition of exchanging hyperpolarized substrates.

Quantitative measurement of cancer metabolism using stimulated echo hyperpolarized carbon-13 MRS.

Signal scaling improves the signal-to-noise ratio of measurements with segmented 2D-selective radiofrequency excitations.

A method for simultaneous echo planar imaging of hyperpolarized ¹³C pyruvate and ¹³C lactate.

A rapid method for direct detection of metabolic conversion and magnetization exchange with application to hyperpolarized substrates.

Frequency-specific SSFP for hyperpolarized ¹³C metabolic imaging at 14.1 T.

Perfusion and diffusion sensitive 13C stimulated-echo MRSI for metabolic imaging of cancer.

Rapid sequential injections of hyperpolarized [1-¹³C]pyruvate in vivo using a sub-kelvin, multi-sample DNP polarizer.

13C-pyruvate imaging reveals alterations in glycolysis that precede c-Myc-induced tumor formation and regression.

Generating super stimulated-echoes in MRI and their application to hyperpolarized C-13 diffusion metabolic imaging.

Hyperpolarized 13C dehydroascorbate as an endogenous redox sensor for in vivo metabolic imaging.

Imaging of blood flow using hyperpolarized [(13)C]urea in preclinical cancer models.

In vivo measurement of normal rat intracellular pyruvate and lactate levels after injection of hyperpolarized [1-(13)C]alanine.

Investigating tumor perfusion and metabolism using multiple hyperpolarized (13)C compounds: HP001, pyruvate and urea.

Multi-band frequency encoding method for metabolic imaging with hyperpolarized [1-(13)C]pyruvate.

Science to practice: Can inflammatory arthritis be monitored by using MR imaging with injected hyperpolarized 13C-pyruvate?

Ultrashort echo time MRI of cortical bone at 7 tesla field strength: a feasibility study.

3D compressed sensing for highly accelerated hyperpolarized (13)C MRSI with in vivo applications to transgenic mouse models of cancer.

Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors administered in combination with metformin result in an additive increase in the plasma concentration of active GLP-1.

Fast dynamic 3D MR spectroscopic imaging with compressed sensing and multiband excitation pulses for hyperpolarized 13C studies.

Hyperpolarized 13C magnetic resonance metabolic imaging: application to brain tumors.

Hyperpolarized 13C spectroscopic imaging informs on hypoxia-inducible factor-1 and myc activity downstream of platelet-derived growth factor receptor.

Investigation of tumor hyperpolarized [1-13C]-pyruvate dynamics using time-resolved multiband RF excitation echo-planar MRSI.

Multi-channel metabolic imaging, with SENSE reconstruction, of hyperpolarized [1-(13)C] pyruvate in a live rat at 3.0 tesla on a clinical MR scanner.

Multi-compound polarization by DNP allows simultaneous assessment of multiple enzymatic activities in vivo.

Hyperpolarized [2-13C]-fructose: a hemiketal DNP substrate for in vivo metabolic imaging.

Anisotropic field-of-view shapes for improved PROPELLER imaging.

IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging

Multiband excitation pulses for hyperpolarized 13C dynamic chemical-shift imaging.

Using adiabatic inversion pulses for long-T2 suppression in ultrashort echo time (UTE) imaging.

Designing long-T2 suppression pulses for ultrashort echo time imaging.

Virtual environments for targeting cognitive processes: an overview of projects at the University of Southern California.